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Sports

Martial Arts
- The Art and Science of War

Styles & Origins
By: Naruhisa Hoguchi
 

  
Throughout our history humankind is persistently training and refining the Fighting Arts. Today, we have access to the craftmanship, Inventiveness, understanding and wisdom from our warriors of the past and present.

 

What may have started out as basic or simple techniques, these Fighting Arts evolved into complex systems with multiple variations and styles. Nearly all of these Arts have and or share in a lineage, a theory or philosophy and Way.

 

The Martial Arts traditionally has always been taught directly or “passed down” from teacher to student. It was never necessary to write training manuals. In fact, most teachers kept their knowledge secretly and only taught select individuals.

 

So, it is difficult to say exactly when or where the Fighting Arts started, or place in a single country or time, because these Arts were developing simultaneously around the world.

 

This is evident in works of art personifying combat. From stone age Atlatl (spear-throwers) which have been found decorated with designs and carvings, Egyptian paintings dating back 3400 BC, to reliefs and poems from 3000 BC Mesopotamia, and sketches from 2879 BC in Vietnam, showcase that all cultures have created traditions and unique ways to express their own Martial style and Fighting philosophies.

 

Several disciplines may seem similar because of proximity and location, while some of these systems could have parts of other styles incorporated into them.

 

Many believe that the earliest systems are likely some combination of ancient Indian and Chinese Martial Arts. However, the case could still be made that a particular style was founded or originated “here” or by “them”.




Thank You - to All the Practitioners of the Fighting Arts who have spread these disciplines across our planet.

 

It is because of their dedication to constant training and refinement throughout the centuries, that has transformed many of these Military and Law Enforcement applications into new systems and traditions, practices of self-defense, competition, physical fitness, recreation or entertainment, mental and spiritual development, and the preservation of cultural heritage.
 
With all of the changes, advancements, training and evolution, the traditional Martials Arts and Fighting Sports will always have its place, continuing the Way.


There are some common Martial Arts terms we often hear and use which can be ambiguous, confusing or incorrect.
  
Wuxia, Wushu, Gung Fu - All have a long history as names referring to the Chinese Martial Arts. Similar to Gung Fu - but differences between implication 
 
Kung Fu - is a common pronunciation for Gung Fu and Gong Fu.
 
Kenpo or Kenpō - Most commonly refers Chinese Martial Arts.
 
Kempo - Refers to Japanese Martial Arts.
 
Jujitsu, Jujutsu, Ju Jitsu  - Typically refers to Japanese styles
- while Jiu-Jitsu - Refers to Brazilian style.
 
Eskrima (Stick) Kali (Stick and Blade) Arnis (Weapons and Empty Hand)
 - Are used interchangeably, even though they are not necessarily the same.
 
Gatka - Is a Punjabi style of Stick Fighting.
- Gatka is also being used as term for several Indian Martial Arts.



Asia
Peoples Republic of China
  


 
     
    
  
  
     
   
   
  
  
   
   
  
    
  
   
    
   
   
   
   
      

Gung Fu - Gong Fu - Kung Fu - 
'Skill and Effort' - Over 72 Different Styles
   
Buku - Manchu Wrestling
 
Chin Na - Grappling
 
Choy Li Fut - Southern Style
 
Bak Mei -
 
Black Tiger -
 
Drunken -
 
Five Animal Style -
The Tiger, The Dragon, The Crane, The Leopard, The Snake
 
Hun Gar -
 
Monkey -
 
O Mei Ch'uan (Emeiquan)
 
Praying Mantis - 
Southern - 
close range system that places more emphasis on short power
Northern - 
is famous for its speed and continuous attacks
 
Pa Kua Chang - (Baguazhang)
Circular patterns and turning, spinning movements
 
White Crane -
 
Wuzuquan -
 
San Soo -
 
Sanshou -
 
Shaolin Quan - 
 
Shuai Jiao - Standup Grappling Style
  
Taiji Quan, Bagua Quan, Xingyi Quan 
(Tai Chi Chuan, Shadow Boxing)
3 Major Internal styles: Yang style, Chen style, Wu style

66 Forms of Dragon Style Taiji - 
 
Tiger -
 
Wing Chun - Emphasizes short range combat

    
    
   
   
      
  .    
    

  
 

 
Shaolin Temple
One of  the most famous temple in China, not only because of its long history
and its role in Chinese Buddhism, but also because of its intergation in the Martal Arts.

Qigong - The Way of cultivating the human body - The ancient Chinese methodology for health, therapy, and longevity. Many believe Qigong is an integrated aspect of Chinese Martial Arts.


Mongolia
 
Archery - 
 
Wrestling - 
 
Horseback Riding - 
 
Naadam Festival - Takes place in July



Nihon / Japan

 
 
 

  

Akido (合気道) - Joining with attack and redirecting energy
                            Morihei Ueshiba, Steven Seagal
 
Hojutsu - The way of Fire Arms 
 
Iaidō - Drawing of the Sword
 
Judo - Jiguro Kano - founder Kodokan DojoJujitsu -
 
Jujutsu / Jujitsu - Grappling 
 
Karate -  Gōjū-ryū (剛柔流) - founder Chōjun Miyagi
                               April 25, 1888 - October 8, 1953
               
               Kyokushin - founder Masutatsu Oyama (大山 倍達)
                                                 July 27, 1923 – April 26, 1994
               Dolph Lundgren
              
              Shotokan - founder Gichin Funakoshi (船越 義珍) 
                                    November 10, 1868 – April 26, 1957 
              Shorin-ryu - 
              Bill "Superfoot" Wallace (23-0 PKA)
                    Professional Karate Association
                     Full Contact Karate/Kickboxing
 
Kendo - The Way of The Sword
 
Kenjutsu (剣術) - Swordmanship
 
Kumiuchi - Gtappling - Hand to Hand Combat
 
Ninjitsu - The Art of Stealth
Stephen Hayes
Steve Jennum (UFC 3 Champion)

Sojutsu - The Art of Wielding the Yari
 
Sumo - Grappling
 
Taijutsu - Early Grappling Art
 
Wajutsu - Early Grappling Art
 
Ya-wara - Early Grappling Art
  
Yoroi-kumiuchi - Grappling in Armor


Samurai

Ninja

Samurai and Ninja

   

There are many misconceptions regarding what the difference in terms of what Samurai, Ronin and Ninja is. 



Okinawa Prefecture 
 
Gichin Funakoshi November 10, 1868 - April 26, 1957
Chojun Miyagi April 25, 1888 - October 8, 1953
 
Shinko Matayoshi 1888 - 1947
Shinpo Matayoshi 1921 - 1997

 

 
           

Koreas
 
Bulkyo Mu Sul - Buddhist Martial Arts
 
Geokgido - South Korean Martial Art
 
Gong Kwon Yu Sol - Traditional Martial Art
 
Gwonbeop - Unarmed Fighing developed in 1780's
                      consisting of 18 forms
 
Hapkido - Joining-Energy-Way
 
Hwa Rang Do - Developed in the 1960's
Founded by brothers Joo Bang Lee and Joo Sang Lee
 
Kuk Sul Wan - Traditional Martial Art
 
Kung Jung Mu Sul -
Traditional Royal Court Martial Arts
 
Moo Duk Kwan - Soo Bahk Do  & Hwa Soo Do
  
Sado Mu Sul - Tribal Martial Arts 
 
Ssireum - Traditional Wrestling 
 
Tae Kwon Do - Rhee Jhoon Goo (10th Dan)
  
Tang Soo Do - 
Traditional Martial Art

 
 
 
Jhoon Goo Rhee
January 7, 1932 -
- April 30, 2018


Tibet Autonomous Region
  
Hop Gar -
 
Lion's Roar - 
 
Lama Pai -
 
Tibetan White Crane - 

Sing Lung is know to be the originator of Martial Arts in Tibet, arriving to the Guangdong Province during the Qing dynasty.

Southern Asia

Republic of the Union of Myanmar
   
Bando - Striking
Banshay - Sword, Staff and Spear .
Lethwei - Burmese Boxing "The Art of 9 Limbs"
Naban - Traditional form of Wrestling



The Kingdom of Thailand
 
Muay Thai Kickboxing -
Origins date back as far as -250 BCE 
 
Muay Boran -
 
Krabi Krabong -


The sport evolved from being a practical fighting technique for use in actual warfare called Muay Boran meaning “ancient boxing” and Muay meaning “unarmed combat” which originated in the country of Thailand.
  
Kickboxing was a component of military training and gained prominence during the reign of King Naresuan in 1560.

Lumpinee Stadium

March 17 is celebrated in certain parts of the world as “Boxer’s Day” or “National Muay Thai” day to honor the sport and the story of King Burma and Thai Boxer Nai Knanom Tom in 1774.


Loa People's Democratic Republic 

 

Muay Lao - Lao Boxing, Lao Kickboxing - Striking



Socialist Republic of Vietnam

 

Vovinam (Việt Võ Đạo)

Founded in 1938

By Grandmaster Nguyễn Lộc

(April 8, 1912 - April 4, 1960)

 

Includes Striking, Grappling and Weapons



Kingdom of Cambodia
 
Baok Cham Bab - Traditional Wrestling
Pradal Serey - Kun Khmer - Stiking
Bokator - Striking, Grappling and Weapons
- One of the oldest existing fighting systems in Cambodia
Kbac hkun Dambong-Veng - Long Staff

Kbach kun boran Khmer
- Cambodian Ancient Fighting Arts
Ani-yuth
- Curved sword, Longstaff, 2 Sticks
Kun chbabb - Wrestling
Kun daï - Boxing

Malaysia
 
Tomoi - Toi Muay - Striking
Silat - Striking and Weapons

 
Republic of Indonesia
 
Pencak silat - Striking, Grappling and Weapons
Kuntao - Striking


Republic of the Philipines
 
Dumog - Grappling
 
Balintawak -
 
Kombatan - Developed by Ernesto Presas Jr.
 
Sikaran - Exstensive Kicking Style
 
Yaw-Yan - (Sayaw ng Kamatayan) Kickboxing -
Developed by Napoleon Fernandez



Eskrima - Kali - Arnis
 
Doce Pares -
Lorenzo Saavedra
   
Cinco Teros - Old Arnis System
 
Serrada Escrima -
Angel Cabales (1917 - 1991)
 
Modern Arnis -
Remey Preses (Dec.19, 1936 - Aug. 28, 2001)


East Asia

Republic of India
  
Adithada - Kickboxing
 
Gatka - Simulated Sword fighting with wooden sticks
 
Huyen langlon - Sword and Spear – Striking & Grappling
 
Kalaripayattu - Striking ad Weapons - Origins dating to the 3rd century BCE, some consider this the oldest martial art still in existence
 
Malla-yuddha - Grappling, Pressure Points, Biting, Gouging
 
Mardani khel - Weapon-based system
 
Musti-yuddha - Boxing
 
Pehlwani - Grappling
 
Silambam - Weapon based system
 
Vajra-musti - Grappling, Weapons


Kashmir
Sqay - Sword and Shield,
2 Swords and Striking

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Cheena di - Striking
Angampora - Striking, Grappling, Weapons –
And the use of pressure point attacks

Central Asia
Kyrgyz Republic
Alysh - Grappling

Republic of Uzbekistan
Kurash - Grappling

Middle East
Islamic Republic of Iran
Bachokheh - Persian Wrestling
Koshti Pahlavani - Grappling

Republic of Turkey
Köräş - Grappling

State of Israel
 
Krav Maga
Founder - 
Imre "Imi" Lichtenfeld (1910-1998)
 
Moti Horenstein 
UFC: 10 and 14


European

England 
 
Boxing - 

Catch-as-catch-can - Wrestling
Cornwall - Wrestling
Cumberland and Westmorland - Wrestling
Devon - Wrestling
Lancashire - Wrestling

Bartitsu - 
Developed in England in 1898 by Edward William Barton-Wright (November 8, 1860 - April 25, 1951) Combining elements of boxing, jujitsu, cane fighting, and French kickboxing.
 
Studying under recognized masters, Barton-Wright trained in boxing, wrestling, fencing, Savate and the use of the stiletto, he reportedly engaged in street fights to test their application.

French Republic
 
Savate de Rue -
Street fighting striking techniques developed late 1700’s
 
L'art de la savate, Savate, boxe française -
"Foot Fighting" A style of kickboxing from the street fighting techniques refined in the 1820’s
 
Michel "Pisseux" Casseux (1794 - 1869)
- Credited as the Founder
Charles Lecour (1808 - 1894)
- Helped merged Savate and English Boxing
Pierre Vigny (1866-19??) Savate, la Canne Master, Instructor
Gerard Gordeau (UFC 1) Savate Practitioner
 

Gouren - A style of folk wrestling
 
La Canne - Developed in the early 1800’s which it uses a cane or canne (a kind of walking-stick) with a design for fighting
 
Canne de combat - In the 1970’s, Maurice Sarry standardized Canne de combat for sporting competition

Greece
Hellenic Republic
 
Pankration - Olympics
 
Dioxippus (-300) 
Olympic Champion -336 B.C.E.
 
Jim Arvanitis




Federal Republic of Germany

 

Kampfringen -

Grappling and Striking system originating during the Middle Ages

 

Ringen am Schwert -

Grappling with a Sword used during Armed Combat

 

Pascha's ringen - Rapid Striking



 

The Republic of Ireland
 
Dornálaíocht - Boxing
 
Coraíocht - Collar-and Elbow Wrestling
 
Speachóireacht - Kicking
 
Batadóireacht - Stick Fighting

 

Russian Federation
 
Sambo - Oleg Taktarov (UFC 6 Champion)
               Gokor Chivichyan
 
Systema -
 
ROSS - Retuinskih's System

Kulachniy Boi -

Traditional Bare-knuckle Boxing



Scotland

 

Scottish Backhold - A style of Folk Wrestling

Highland - Wrestling

Scottish Smallsword - Thrusting Style

Highland Boadsword - Style


The Expert Sword-Man’s Companion

Scottish Smallsword Manuel

by Donald McBane in 1728



Kingdom of Spain

 

Spanish Knife Fighting Arts

 

Acero Sevillano - southern sytle of Andalusia

 

Baratero - Rudimentry southern style

 

Navajero -

 

Cuchillo - Knife
Punal - Stiletto
Tijeras - Gypsy Scissors
Baston de paseo - Walking Stick
Navaja Sevillana - Folding Knife



Swiss Confederation
 
Schwingen - Folk wrestling style

North America

Canada
 
Combato – Unarmed combat system created in 1910 by Bill Underwood
 
Defendo – Martial Art and a Self-Defense system created in 1945 for Law Enforcement by Bill Underwood


The United States of America

 

American Kickboxing - The First Event was held on January 17, 1970

 
Wrestling -
Boxing - 

 
Jujitsu America - founder - Willy Cahill

10th Dan - Jujitsu

8th Dan – Judo

 

Rough and Tumble - First appears during the 17th century American Revolution – is said to be 1 of the few fighting styles native to the United States - which focuses on maximum damage with everything from eye gauging to tongue-biting.

 

Okichitaw - Tomahawk fighting in conjunction with other indigenous weapons such as the plains dagger, lance and gunstock war club - based on Plains Indian combat techniques.

 

Knocking and Kicking - Similar to Capoeira


 

Jun Fan Gung Fu
Jeet Kune Do
 

Bruce Lee
(Lee Jun-fan)
November 20, 1940 - July 20, 1973

                      -
Dan Inosanto
                      - Brandon Lee



Chuck Norris -
 
USAF - Veteran
 
Black Belt - Tang Soo Do, Taekwando, Karate, Judo, BJJ
 
Founded his own syle of Chun Kuk Do


Professional Middleweight Karate Champion -
 
Fighter of the Year 1969 -

 
American Kenpo -
"Ed" Parker
(March 19, 1931 - December 15, 1990)
 
Kenpo -
James Masayoshi Mitose
(December 30, 1916  - March 26, 1981)
 
Small Circle Jujitsu -
Wally Jay
(June 16, 1917 - May 29, 2011)
 
Danzan-Ryū - Japenese Jujistu style founded in 1925
Seishiro Okazaki (1890 - 1951)
 
Kajukenbo - Founded in 1947
Adriano Emperado, Joseph Holck, Peter Choo, Frank Ordonez, Clarence Chang
 
Richard Bustillo - (January, 28, 1942 - March 30, 2017)
Filipino Kali Academy, Jeet Kune Do
   
Huk Hu Gung Fu (Black Tiger or Panther)
Herbert Luke > Stephen Hu > Sal Aguilera (D. 2007) > Greg McQuoid



United Mexican States
 
Xhupa Porrazo - Aztec Grappling - 300 BC
 
Lucha Tarahumara - Aztec Grappling

- Unknown Aztec and Maya Military Arts

Caribbean
Republic of Cuba -
 
Juego de mani - Striking, Sweeps and Takedowns 
- similar to Capoeira
  
Weapons include - Cane Staff, Knife, Machete

Martinique 
 
Ladjia - consists of highly acrobatic moves, including punching, kicking, and eye-gouging

South America
The Republic of Chile 
 
Cuchillo Corvo - A Curved Tipped Knife Fighting System

Republic of Peru

 

Bacom - A fusion of numerous martial art styles often uses hidden weapons and tactics of deception

  

Takanakuy (Quecha) - Traditional Striking Style


Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
 
Calinda - Kalinda or Kalenda - 
Stick-fighting style


Federative Republic of Brazil
 
It has been suggested that the first public professinal Mixed Martial Arts events were held during 1950's in Brazil.

Brazillian Jiu-Jitsu -
The Gracie Family
 
Luta Livre - Euclydes "Tatu" Hatem
 
Vale Tudo - "anything goes"
 
Caporiea - Flowing kicking style
 


Royce Gracie - UFC 1
Africa
Republic of Senegal
 
Laamb - Grappling

Arab Republic of Egypt 
 
Tahtib - Stick fFghting System with Ground Fighting

Republic of The Gambia
 
Borreh - Grappling

Togolese Republic
 
Evala - Grappling

The Federal Republic of Nigeria
 
Dambe - Striking
 
Kokawa - Grappling & Striking

The Republic of the Sudan
   
Nuba Fighting - Stick Fighting, Grappling, Shield and Spear

Federal Democratic 
Republic of Ethiopia
 
Donga - Fighting Style with Long Sticks

Federal Republic of Somalia 
  
Istunka - Stick Fighting Style

Republic of Angola
   
N'singa - Striking
 
N'golo - Weapons and Grappling

Republic of South Africa
   
Nguni - Stick Fighting with 2 Long Sticks
   
Musangwe - Bare-knucle Boxing Style